substrate

As chemical precursors stream onto the surface of a rolling metal or plastic substrate, they react with one another to form a network of nanoparticles.

各化学母质流向滚动中的金属或塑料基片的表面，他们互相作用，形成一层纳米级微粒网状结构。

Fundamentally, these paradigms can be (and are) built on top of a substrate of threads and locks, but they create higher level abstractions that push much of that complexity down.

从根本上讲，这些范例可以（且是）构建于线程和锁的基底之上，但是它们创建降低复杂度的更高的抽象级别。

This means that a file system would serve as a reasonable substrate for a synchronization database.

这意味着文件系统作为同步数据库的底层支持是合情合理的。