participle

Teacher: "John, what is the past participle of the verb to ring?"

老师：“John，动词ring的过去分词是什么？”

Some, like swonken (the past participle of swink, meaning “to toil”, but also used to mean coupling), have disappeared.

如swonken（swink之过去分词，意指”辛苦劳作，艰难进行“，但亦有”交媾“之意。） ，但swonken一词早已消失。

So there will be a participle necessary.

于是就有了分词的必要。