optics

The key to success is the combination of transformation optics with another promising new field of science known as plasmonics.

成功的关键是转变的光学与另一个有希望的表面电浆子场组合，被称为新的科学。

But it was, ironically, not until the invention of the laser in 1960 that understanding the quantum nature of optics became crucial.

但是，具有讽刺意义的是，直到1960年激光发明后，认识光学的量子本质才变得至关重要。

One essential tool is adaptive optics technology, which, in effect, takes the twinkle out of the stars, thus providing sharper images from telescopes on the ground than would otherwise be possible.