industrialism

Coal consumption in Manchester was measured in millions of tonnes, and its smoke became, as Lewis Mumford remarked, "the very incense of the new industrialism".

估计曼彻斯特消耗了数百万吨的煤炭，引用路易斯·芒福德的话说，这个城市上空飘着的烟“就是新工业主义的香气”。